Data centres and money: rates, investment, politics

What data centres pay councils, how much hyperscaler spending lands in Ireland, and where parties, companies and councils stand on them.

What they pay councils

Data centres are on the commercial valuation list like any business. Their valuations, times each council's rate, give a rough annual rates bill.

€73m
Estimated commercial rates a year
valuation × 2026 rate
€291m
Net annual value on the valuation list
Tailte Éireann
66
Properties coded 'data centre'

Estimated rates by council, €m a year

South Dublin · 2943
Fingal · 1811.6
Meath · 310.2
Dublin · 137.4
Clare · 10.2
Louth · 10.2
Limerick City And · 10

Where the operator is named, €m a year

Meta · 29.9
Amazon (AWS) · 56
EdgeConneX · 14.1
Microsoft · 23.5
K2 Strategic · 11.3
Equinix · 10.5
Digital Realty (Interxion) · 10.4
GTT (Hibernia Atlantic) · 10.1

52 properties don't name the occupier. Rates are estimates (net annual value × each council's 2026 rate), not bills; valuation dates differ by council, and Cork isn't on the comparable list yet.

Tailte Éireann valuation list (CC-BY-4.0) · 2026 rates on valuation · as of 2026-10-03

Rates per megawatt drawn (estimate)

€64k
Estimated rates per MW of average grid draw
12 campuses, 776 MW, 2025
136 kWh
Grid electricity drawn per € of rates
≈ €7.35 of rates per MWh
CouncilCampusesMW drawnRates€ per MWMWh per €× warehouse× office
South Dublin5322€27.1m€84k0.116.5×7.3×
Fingal4162€6.1m€37k0.248×3.5×
Meath2148€10.2m€69k0.1344.6×11.7×
Dublin City1144€6.6m€46k0.194.9×0.8×
Campus by campus
CampusCouncilMW drawnRates€ per MW€/m² NAV× warehouse
Amazon (AWS) BlanchardstownFingal49.8€691k€14k1952.9×
Amazon (AWS) DroghedaMeath12.7€265k€21k65031×
Amazon (AWS) CruiserathFingal76.6€1.9m€25k66210×
Equinix BlanchardstownFingal18.5€511k€28k68510.4×
Amazon (AWS) ClonshaughDublin City144.4€6.6m€46k1874.9×
Amazon (AWS) Grange Castle SouthSouth Dublin61€3m€48k65516.4×
Amazon (AWS) Belgard, TallaghtSouth Dublin45.6€2.4m€52k64916.2×
Meta CloneeMeath135€9.9m€74k94745.1×
Microsoft Grange CastleSouth Dublin154.5€12.4m€80k66016.5×
Amazon (AWS) Greenhills Road, TallaghtSouth Dublin34.6€3.8m€110k67016.7×
K2 Strategic BallycoolinFingal17.5€2.9m€167k67610.2×
Google Grange Castle SouthSouth Dublin26€5.6m€217k66116.5×

Estimates. MW is the 2025 average grid draw in EPA annual environmental reports (licensed sites only); rates are net annual value × the council's 2026 rate, not bills. "× warehouse" compares the campus's rated floor area with what the same area would pay at the council's median value per m² for large warehouse/industrial floors (× office: office floors), same list and valuation date. A data centre's value can include rateable electrical and cooling plant, which a shed lacks. Rates per MW for other industry can't be computed: the valuation list holds no power data.

How much lands in Ireland

US hyperscalers' spending has grown five-fold. Is Ireland getting its share of the building, or just the hardware?

1,981 → 177
m² of hyperscaler data halls started in Ireland per $bn of their global capex
2016–21 vs 2022–26 · an index, not a share
97k → 40k
Hyperscaler m² started a year
Building Control
17.1% → 8.7%
Ireland's share of Microsoft's long-lived assets, 2017–2023
10-K; below 10% since, so not shown
Equipment, not buildings. Global hyperscaler capex grew about five-fold, but Irish data-hall construction fell: about 121k → 81k m² started a year (hyperscalers 97k → 40k). What still arrives is hardware for existing halls: the Department of Finance counts about €1.9bn of AI-related hardware imports in Q4 2025 alone. Meanwhile Amazon has pledged €33.7bn for Spain.

Data-hall floor area started in Ireland (thousand m²)

201424
201519
2016191
201745
201862
2019143
202090
2021193
202255
2023144
202455
202555
2026 (to Oct)73

First Building Control notice per main data-hall building; floor areas from planning and appeal documents.

What official bodies say

CSODigital infrastructure investment (data centres and telecoms): EUR 856m (2024), EUR 744m (2025) "Investment in digital infrastructure, which includes the construction of new data centres and telecoms networks, decreased from €856 million in 2024 to €744 million in 2025." source
Department of FinanceNet imports of AI-related hardware c. EUR 1.9bn in Q4 2025; modified M&E grew almost 50% y/y in Q4 2025 "net imports of AI related hardware totalling c. €1.9 billion" source
Department of FinanceData centres face restrictions in response to infrastructure constraints "restrictions being placed on new data centres in response to infrastructure constraints" source
Central Bank of IrelandAI-linked data-centre hardware imports are over half of modified machinery and equipment investment "AI-linked data centre hardware imports have surged in recent years to represent over half of modified machinery and equipment investment" source
Irish Fiscal Advisory Council2025 M&E surge mostly upgrading existing data centres; grid may limit further growth "Much of this appears to be related to upgrading existing data centres with new equipment." source
ESRIRise in ICT equipment investment linked to data-centre (AI) equipment imports "This investment has been linked to the import of equipment for data centres, particularly those used to facilitate artificial intelligence" source
Bitpower / Host in IrelandEUR 15bn invested in building data centres (hyperscalers EUR 10bn, nine others EUR 5bn), excl. IT fit-out (possibly a further EUR 30bn); EUR 8-10bn pipeline plus EUR 8-10bn at risk "€15 Billion has been invested in building" source
Bitpower / Host in IrelandIT fit-outs excluded from the EUR 15bn "These figures exclude IT fit-outs, which we" source

Building Control (BCMS) × planning · SEC 10-Ks · CSO · Department of Finance · Central Bank · IFAC · Bitpower · company announcements · as of 2026-10-10

Who says what

Where parties, politicians, companies, councils, State bodies and campaigners stand on data centres, and what worries them. Claude read every Dáil question, debate and consultation response; each quote is checked against the source.Machine reading

Across governments

Stop or pauseRestrictBalancedSupportiveChampion2016–202020–252025–Fine GaelGovernmentFianna FáilIndependentsGreen PartyPeople Before Profit–SolidaritySinn FéinLabourSocial Democrats

Each point averages the stances of a party's speakers during that government's term (each speaker once). Government = ministers answering or speaking for the government. Points from fewer than 5 scored statements are drawn hollow; single statements are left off the chart (see the table). Red is the government line. Hover a point for its numbers.

What each government talked about

JobsGridClimateRenewablesConnection rulesOutside DublinAI & digitalBills
2016–20 (FG-led) · 3939%26%10%26%26%56%5%18%
2020–25 (FF–FG–Green) · 15817%44%42%25%28%24%11%6%
2025– (FF–FG–Ind.) · 19940%42%25%31%33%5%10%12%

Share of ministers' statements in each term that raise each concern. The number after each term is its statements.

Table
Group2016–202020–252025–
Government+1.1 (31)+0.8 (90)+0.9 (119)
Sinn Féin—-1.4 (17)-1.2 (20)
Labour+1.0 (1)-1.7 (3)-1.3 (13)
People Before Profit–Solidarity—-1.4 (10)-1.2 (6)
Independents—-0.8 (10)0.0 (6)
Fianna Fáil+1.0 (5)+0.8 (7)+1.0 (1)
Social Democrats—-1.9 (10)-1.8 (3)
Fine Gael—+1.5 (4)+1.5 (2)
Green Party+1.0 (1)0.0 (1)-1.0 (3)

Average stance (scored statements in brackets).

Each party's TDs, Senators and MEPs, plus the government of the day.

Where they stand

Average stance of each group's speakers, each speaker weighted once. Hover for the numbers; click to read the summary.

Governments first, newest first; then parties by seats in the current Dáil (174 TDs, Oireachtas members data, Oct 2026).

Government 2025– (FF–FG–Ind.)

Supportive +0.9

Backs data centres within energy, climate and cost limits

  • Says data centres underpin jobs, tax and investment; opposes sector-specific taxes
  • Leaves connection rules to the CRU; LEAP aims to shield households from costs
  • Prioritises waste heat for district heating and is transposing EU reporting rules
“A key objective of LEAP is to ensure that electricity customers, including households, are not exposed to costs associated with infrastructure developed specifically for large energy users.”
“If we are going to breathe life into the five projects on the east coast, which will produce a total of 5 GW, we are going to need large energy…”
Grid capacity and blackoutsJobs, investment and competitivenessConnection rules and certainty

199 records · 16 speakers · 2025–2026 ·

Government 2020–25 (FF–FG–Green)

Supportive +0.8

Supports data centres that fit climate targets and grid limits

  • 2022 statement prefers data centres adding renewables and offering demand flexibility
  • Says islanded fossil-powered sites conflict with policy; no specific data-centre tax
  • Says there is no data-centre register; connections are for CRU and EirGrid
“We need to find a way that we can make the data centres work for the economy, but also work for our climate targets and our security of electricity supply.”
“This Statement expresses the Government’s preference for data centres that can demonstrate additionality of their renewable energy use in Ireland, and which are ultimately decarbonised by design, providing net zero…”
Grid capacity and blackoutsClimate targets and emissionsConnection rules and certainty

158 records · 26 speakers · 2020–2024 ·

Government 2016–20 (FG-led)

Supportive +1.1

Backs data-centre investment, with faster planning and regional spread

  • Send large data centres straight to An Bord Pleanála as strategic infrastructure
  • Wants plan-led growth in regions with strong grid and energy supply
  • Meet demand with renewables and corporate PPAs, limiting costs to consumers
“There are nearly 30 major data centres located in Ireland that are operated by some of the world’s leading technology companies and I am confident that this number will increase…”
“I am strongly of the view that the development of data centres must be plan-led. I believe the policy statement will lay out a clear and balanced approach to the…”
Location outside DublinJobs, investment and competitivenessConnection rules and certainty

39 records · 8 speakers · 2017–2020 ·

Fianna Fáil

Supportive +0.9

Backs data centres as economic infrastructure, opposes pausing them

  • After Apple's Athenry withdrawal, asked how to fix planning and Ireland's reputation
  • Wants grid and generation built rather than a pause; some flag energy share
  • Recent questions ask about State data storage, water, AI demand and reporting
“If we get into a conversation about pausing their development to wait for ourselves to catch up on the other end, that is a negative that will very shortly come…”
“It is not about a choice between housing and AI. We need to build housing but we also need to prepare for our tech future.”
Location outside DublinSecurity and critical infrastructureGrid capacity and blackouts

48 of 174 TDs · 80 records · 23 speakers · 2017–2026 ·

Sinn Féin

Restrict -1.2

Wants data-centre growth curbed and homes first on the grid

  • Has sought a moratorium or brake, citing blackout risk, emissions, gas and water
  • Wants housing and public needs ahead of data centres, ending first-come, first-served
  • Says households subsidise data centres; wants them to pay more for the grid
“I think it is right that the Dáil now calls for an emergency brake on the future development of data centres.”
“The data centres can wait for their connections; housing and families cannot. Homes must come before hyper-scale electricity demand from the large energy users.”

Over time: 2021 calls cited blackouts and climate; from 2025 housing connections and bills lead

Grid capacity and blackoutsTransparency and dataGas and on-site generation

39 of 174 TDs · 152 records · 28 speakers · 2015–2026 ·

Fine Gael

Supportive +1.5

Supports data centres, powered by more renewables and generation

  • Opposed the 2021 moratorium motion, citing jobs, tax and investment
  • Wants faster offshore wind, private wires and data centres sited in the west
  • Backbench questions keep asking about data-centre energy, water, gas and waste heat
“The need for data centres is clear, but we are trying to deliver them in an environmentally effective way. Some argue that Ireland is well located for that.”
“With regard to policy, I support data centres. We all use our phones every day and they run off services based in data centres. The Government can take a good…”
Grid capacity and blackoutsRenewable power for data centresTransparency and data

38 of 174 TDs · 63 records · 17 speakers · 2019–2026 ·

Independents

Balanced -0.5

Split views: some want curbs, others defend data centres

  • Critics cite grid strain, water, Dublin concentration and household costs
  • Supporters cite jobs and want renewables or supply built, not a moratorium
  • Questions track the Government statement review and the South Dublin ban reversal
“I realise we need data centres, but do we need the number that we are allowing to take place? Where is that reflected in Government policy?”
“The problem is not that data centres are here but that they are running on the wrong energy.”
Grid capacity and blackoutsConnection rules and certaintyClimate targets and emissions

15 of 174 TDs · 64 records · 20 speakers · 2017–2026 ·

Social Democrats

Stop or pause -1.9

Seeks a moratorium until data centres' impacts are assessed

  • Moved a 2021 motion for a moratorium pending impact analysis
  • Says data centres raise prices, strain the grid and threaten climate targets
  • Wants homes prioritised and a report on grid and water capacity
“The Social Democrats are not opposed to data centres, but we want a pause in their development until the Government can tell us some pretty basic information.”
“We need a moratorium on data centre expansion. We cannot continue to expand our energy use and think there will be no consequences.”
Grid capacity and blackoutsClimate targets and emissionsTransparency and data

12 of 174 TDs · 46 records · 9 speakers · 2020–2026 ·

Labour

Restrict -1.2

Wants new data centres paused and their energy use levied

  • Wants a pause until renewable and grid capacity grow and bills fall
  • Says data centres raise household bills, absorb renewables and create few jobs
  • Asks repeatedly about data-centre emissions, gas, water use and power demand
“The Government needs to institute a moratorium on new connections until it gets to grips with what is happening.”
“the Labour Party is calling for a levy on energy used by data centres and a moratorium on the introduction of new data centres until bills come down.”

Over time: 2021–22 pause calls cited climate; 2026 calls add household bills and a levy

Climate targets and emissionsElectricity bills and costsRenewable power for data centres

11 of 174 TDs · 46 records · 16 speakers · 2017–2026 ·

People Before Profit–Solidarity

Restrict -1.3

Wants new data centres stopped and a levy on the sector

  • Backed a 2021 Bill to ban new data centres and fossil infrastructure
  • Says data centres raise bills, use gas and water, and give few jobs
  • Proposes a €1 billion levy to fund a €500 electricity credit
“That does not mean we should shut down existing data centres, of which there are more than 70 in the country; it means we should stop the development of more.”
“We now have to say that we must stop any more data centres being established but there should also be a levy.”
Climate targets and emissionsGrid capacity and blackoutsElectricity bills and costs

3 of 174 TDs · 58 records · 6 speakers · 2021–2026 ·

Aontú

Restrict -1.0

Wants data-centre growth capped and tied to renewables

  • Wants growth capped and limited to sustainable energy, as other countries do
  • Says data centres strain water and emissions and create few jobs
  • Blames data centres for household energy arrears and rising bills
“Other countries have decided to put a cap on it and if those sectors want to increase in size in the future, they have to do so on the basis…”
“More than 500,000 energy bills are now in arrears and data centres are the primary driver of this. They are causing an inflationary aspect to household bills.”
Grid capacity and blackoutsClimate targets and emissionsWater

2 of 174 TDs · 3 records · 2 speakers · 2021–2026 ·

Green Party

Balanced 0.0

Ties data-centre growth to renewables; seeks cost-benefit review

  • Wants data-centre demand matched by renewables, planned nationally and sited west
  • Suggested in 2025 delaying new connections if renewables lag
  • Seeks a public cost-benefit analysis, saying the KPMG report omitted costs
“it seems to me that the real issue around data centres is where the energy for those centres is coming from, and whether we can keep pace with the energy…”
“Is it not time that the Government commission a comprehensive report on the benefits and costs of data centres?”

Over time: From supporting renewable-powered sites in the west (2017) to questioning costs and connections (2025–26)

Electricity bills and costsTransparency and dataRenewable power for data centres

1 of 174 TDs · 17 records · 4 speakers · 2017–2026 ·

Who worries about what

GridClimateConnection rulesRenewablesJobsTransparencyGasBillsOutside Dublin
Government 2025– (FF–FG–Ind.) · 19942%25%33%31%40%25%12%12%5%
Government 2020–25 (FF–FG–Green) · 15844%42%28%25%17%12%11%6%24%
Sinn Féin · 15238%19%11%3%11%31%22%21%·
Fianna Fáil · 8018%3%11%13%16%6%·4%19%
Independents · 6442%22%27%11%11%9%5%20%5%
Fine Gael · 6341%14%18%29%6%19%16%2%3%
People Before Profit–Solidarity · 5828%36%17%5%5%22%19%24%·
Labour · 4622%30%11%22%13%11%17%30%2%
Social Democrats · 4646%41%7%17%7%30%4%13%4%
Government 2016–20 (FG-led) · 3926%10%26%26%39%··18%56%
Green Party · 1724%29%18%29%12%35%6%41%18%
Aontú · 367%33%··33%··33%·

Share of each group's records that raise each concern (a record can raise up to four). Darker means more often. The number after each name is its records.

How Claude read the documents
529
Documents read by Claude
Oireachtas, CRU consultation, council plans
1,013
Statements recorded
one per speaker per document
100%
Quotes found word for word
the rest were dropped
83
Parties, companies, councils and bodies
plus 24 politicians

Claude (Anthropic's model) read every document in the corpus with a fixed, published prompt and recorded, for each speaker: a stance on more data-centre development in Ireland (from −2, stop or pause, to +2, champion; or none when they took no position), up to four concerns from a fixed list, what they asked for, a one-sentence summary and a quote. Every quote was then checked word for word against the source text; quotes that could not be found were dropped. Counts, averages and concern shares are computed from those records, not by the model. A second prompt wrote each group's summary from its records only. Parliamentary questions are mostly factual, so most askers get no stance; their concerns still count. Party averages weight each speaker once. Ministers' answers count towards the government of the day, not their party.

  • Machine reading: summaries and stance scores are Claude's reading of the text, checked by quote, not by a person line by line. Treat them as a guide and follow the links.
  • Coverage: parliamentary questions and debates are those whose heading mentions data centres (since 2015). Speeches on data centres under other headings (energy, climate, Leaders' Questions) are not yet included.
  • Companies speak through the CRU consultation (2025) and committee hearings. Amazon, Microsoft, Google and Meta did not respond individually; their trade bodies (Cloud Infrastructure Ireland, Ibec, AmCham) did.
  • Councils speak through their development plans and, for South Dublin, a CRU response. Councillors' motions are not yet read.
  • Party is the member's party on the day they spoke (Oireachtas members data). Government terms use the dates the Taoiseach was elected (unchecked).

Corpus: 464 Oireachtas questions and debates, 8 council plan documents, 64 CRU consultation responses. 7 not yet read. Model: claude-opus-5-5. Prompt versions: extract 4914c9064c, summary 6d632738a0.

The reading prompt
You are reading public Irish documents about data centres for a neutral, data-led publication. Each document is split by speaker. For every speaker, record what they think about data centres in Ireland, using only what that speaker says in this document. Do not use what you know about the person, party or organisation from elsewhere.

## What to record for each speaker

- **a**: the speaker's id from the document (`a1`, `a2`, …).
- **skip**: `true` if the speaker says nothing of substance about data centres (procedure, thanks, or an answer about an unrelated question grouped in the same section). Then leave the other fields empty or null.
- **stance**: the speaker's position on more data-centre development in Ireland (new or bigger data centres and their grid, gas or water connections):
  - `-2` **Stop or pause**: calls for a moratorium, a ban, or no new data-centre connections.
  - `-1` **Restrict**: wants tighter limits or slower growth, or is mainly critical, without calling for a stop.
  - `0` **Balanced**: weighs benefits and costs without leaning either way, or accepts data centres only on strict conditions.
  - `1` **Supportive**: welcomes data centres and wants the system to accommodate them, with conditions (renewables, location, efficiency).
  - `2` **Champion**: argues strongly for growth, faster connections or fewer barriers.
  - `null`: the speaker takes no position. Most parliamentary questions only ask for facts: give `null` unless the asker states a view in their own words. A question that asks *whether* the Minister will do something is not a view.
  Ministers answering for the government usually state the government line; score that line, not the person.
- **concerns**: up to four keys from this list, the issues the speaker raises as a problem or priority (not passing mentions), most emphasised first:
  `bills` electricity bills and costs · `grid` grid capacity, security of supply, blackouts · `climate` climate targets and emissions · `gas` gas supply and gas-fired or diesel on-site generation · `renewables` renewable power for data centres, PPAs, matching · `water` water use · `local` local impact, planning, zoning, noise, land · `jobs` jobs, investment, competitiveness, FDI · `tax` tax, rates, community benefit · `heat` waste-heat reuse and efficiency · `fairness` fair access to the grid or water for homes, housing and other users · `rules` connection rules, regulatory certainty, process · `regional` location outside Dublin, regional spread · `transparency` transparency, disclosure, data · `ai` AI, the digital economy, digital sovereignty · `security` national security, cyber security, critical infrastructure.
- **asks**: up to three concrete things the speaker wants done, each 12 words or fewer (for example "moratorium on new data-centre grid connections", "publish metered use by site", "faster connection offers for projects with on-site renewables"). Empty if none.
- **summary**: one plain-English sentence of 30 words or fewer saying what the speaker thinks or wants. Neutral reporting voice ("Wants…", "Says…", "Asks…"). No judgement words. For a factual question, say what they asked about.
- **quote**: 8 to 40 words copied exactly, character for character, from this speaker's own text in this document: one continuous passage, no changes, no ellipses, no added quotation marks. Choose the passage that best shows their view. For a question, prefer the substantive part over "asked the Minister for…". It will be checked automatically against the source; a quote that is not exact is thrown away.
- **org** and **orgType**: only for speakers of type `witness`. The organisation they represent, from the chair's introduction in the context or from their own words (for example "Commission for Regulation of Utilities"), and one of `state`, `industry`, `energy`, `business`, `campaign`, `council`, `academic`, `other`. Null for everyone else.

## Rules

- Report; don't judge. Don't soften or sharpen what people say. Don't infer a stance from party or employer.
- A council development plan is the council speaking: score the plan's policy (where data centres may go and on what conditions).
- A consultation response is the organisation speaking: score its overall position on data-centre growth, not only on the narrow rule being consulted on.
- Return one entry for every speaker id in the document, in order.
The summary prompt
You are writing very short, neutral summaries for a data-led publication on Irish data centres. Readers skim: keep every line short. You get one group (a party, a government, a politician, a company or trade body, a council, a State body or a campaign group) and the records of what it said, each already read from a public document: id, date, kind of document, speaker, stance (−2 stop or pause, −1 restrict, 0 balanced, 1 supportive, 2 champion, or null for no position), concerns, asks, a one-sentence summary and, where checked, a verbatim quote.

Write, using only these records:

- **headline**: 10 words or fewer, the group's position in plain words (for example "Wants a pause until the grid catches up"). No slogans, no judgement.
- **points**: two or three bullets, each 14 words or fewer, no full stop at the end. What the group wants and its main reasons. If the records are mostly factual questions with no stance, say what it keeps asking about rather than inventing a view.
- **quoteIds**: the ids of up to two records whose quotes best show the position, from different speakers or dates where possible. Prefer short, plain quotes. Only choose records whose quote is not null.
- **shift**: 15 words or fewer on how the position changed over time, only if the records clearly show a change across at least two years; otherwise null.

Rules: report, don't judge; no adjectives like "sensible", "extreme", "reckless". Don't add facts that are not in the records. Irish and British spelling. For a government, describe the government's line, not the parties'. For a single-document group (one consultation response or one plan), summarise that document.

Oireachtas debates · CRU consultation CRU/2025/04 · council development plans · read by Claude, quotes checked · as of 2026-10-10