Data centres and AI in Sweden, ranked against Europe and the US

Where Sweden ranks among 31 European countries

Rank 1 = best on the measure's own terms (cheapest, lowest carbon, highest share, most). Each rank is among the European countries with a figure, so the "of" number differs. Sweden is an EU member. Measured

Source: Eurostat nrg_pc_205 · Ember European wholesale prices (via StackPath eu_power_prices) · Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0) · Swedish Energy Agency (RISE), ER 2023:04 · Eurostat isoc_eb_ai · Eurostat isoc_ai_iaiu · TOP500, June 2026 list (via eu_compute) · Epoch AI GPU clusters (CC BY 4.0, via global_context) · EuroHPC JU (via eu_ai_factories) · Eurostat Comext DS-045409 · EU EED data-centre dashboard (via eu_dc_capacity) · Svenska kraftnät (TSO) · as of 2026-10-12 · Compiled by StackPath

Sweden against the EU-27 average and the US

Same measure, same source family, nearest year. A dash means no comparable figure, not zero. Measured

Source: Eurostat nrg_pc_205, isoc_eb_ai, isoc_ai_iaiu · Ember · EIA via eu_power_prices · LBNL via US DOE (US data-centre share) · Ember Grids for data centres (Europe share) · TOP500 · Epoch AI GPU clusters · World Bank population · as of 2026-10-12 · Compiled by StackPath

Our reading. Per person, Sweden has 13% of the US level of GPU-cluster compute in Epoch AI's database and 61% of the US level of TOP500 supercomputing power. Epoch's database covers only part of the world's AI compute, and private clusters are under-recorded everywhere. Estimate

Power: 99% clean generation, €0.088/kWh for the largest users

Generation mix in 2025 (Ember); big-user prices exclude VAT (Eurostat band IG, 150 GWh a year or more). Measured

Share of generation by source, 2025. Darker bars are fossil. Demand 136.5 TWh; generation 170.2 TWh; net exports 33.7 TWh. Carbon intensity 35 gCO2e/kWh (EU-27: 211; US: 384).

Big-user electricity price, € per kWh excluding VAT, by half-year (band IG). The EU-27 average is published later than country figures.

Wholesale power averaged €64/MWh over 2025-10 to 2026-09 (2nd cheapest of 27). Taxes and levies (excluding VAT) were 0.8% of the big-user price in Eurostat's latest year-end comparison.

Source: Ember yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0) · Eurostat nrg_pc_205 · Ember wholesale prices via eu_power_prices · Compiled by StackPath

Data centres: about 2.1% of Sweden's electricity

Electricity share, capacity reported under the EU Energy Efficiency Directive (EED, the EU's data-centre reporting law), grid requests, restrictions and energy rules. Reported

• Share of electricity: 2.1% in 2022 (share of demand: midpoint of 2.8-3.2 TWh (RISE for the Swedish Energy Agency, crypto excluded) ÷ Ember 2022 demand 139.8 TWh; our arithmetic (range 2.0-2.3%); Swedish Energy Agency (RISE), ER 2023:04, estimate). Europe as a whole: about 3% (2024, Ember estimate); the US: 4.4% (2023, LBNL estimate).
• Reported to the EU (EED): 699 MW of IT capacity at 71 sites for 2025, of an estimated 103 sites that should report; average PUE (power usage effectiveness: total power ÷ IT power) 1.23. Coverage is partial, so this is a floor.
• Grid requests: 7.5 GW requested (all large loads (said in a data-centre context); Svenska kraftnät (TSO)) (as at 2026-06; source).

Restrictions and connection rules (1)

• Removal of reduced electricity tax for data centres (tax, active), from 2023-07-01

National energy rules for data centres: reporting and incentives only

• Data centres pay the general electricity tax (reduced rate withdrawn) (tax condition; in force, 2023)
• Data centre energy performance disclosure (reporting; in force, 2025-07-01)
• Waste heat use for data centres >1 MW (heat reuse; proposed, not set)

On top of national rules, 7 EU-level rules apply to data centres in every member state (EED reporting, the rating scheme and heat-reuse rules).

Source: Swedish Energy Agency (RISE), ER 2023:04 · EU EED data-centre dashboard · Svenska kraftnät (TSO) · Compiled by StackPath

Cloud and capital: €3bn pledged by hyperscalers, €0bn with visible building

Hyperscaler pledges (a pledge is not a building), sovereign-cloud offers by jurisdiction, and neocloud (GPU cloud) sites. Reported

1 current pledge worth €3bn; €0bn of it is stalled (paused, delayed or cancelled). Horizons and currencies differ.

Neocloud sites in Sweden

Neoclouds headquartered here: Evroc.

Source: StackPath eu_pledges (company announcements) · StackPath sovereign_cloud · StackPath eu_neoclouds (filings, company releases) · Compiled by StackPath

Compute: 1 EU AI Factory, 133.8 PF on the TOP500

Public AI Factories (EuroHPC), gigafactory bids, the TOP500 supercomputer list and Epoch AI's database of GPU clusters (in H100-equivalents: compute expressed as a number of Nvidia H100 chips). Measured

• EuroHPC role: AI Factory host.
• TOP500 (2026/06): 9 systems, 133.8 PF combined (0.71% of the list); the largest is Arrhenius GPU at EuroHPC/NAISS (National Academic Infrastructure for Super­computing in Sweden), ranked 42nd in the world.
• GPU clusters (Epoch AI): 4,932 H100e, 0.31% of the world total in Epoch's database (clusters operational by 2025-07). The US holds 1,251,044 H100e in the same data. Estimate

Large AI clusters announced or built

In Epoch AI's frontier data-centre list: EcoDataCenter 2 (Mistral AI).

Source: EuroHPC JU via eu_ai_factories · TOP500 June 2026 · Epoch AI (CC BY 4.0) · StackPath eu_compute (announced clusters) · Compiled by StackPath

AI use: 42% of people used generative AI in 2025 (EU: 33%)

Eurostat's surveys of businesses (10+ employees, any AI technology) and of people aged 16–74 (generative AI tools in the last three months), plus AI labs headquartered here. Measured

Share of businesses with 10 or more employees using at least one AI technology (Eurostat isoc_eb_ai; survey years only). Sweden: 35% in 2025, 3rd of 28.

Share of people aged 16–74 who used generative AI tools in the three months before the 2025 survey. There is no comparable official US series.

Source: Eurostat isoc_eb_ai · Eurostat isoc_ai_iaiu · StackPath eu_ai_labs (Epoch AI, company releases) · Compiled by StackPath

Servers: 1.8% of the EU's server imports from outside the EU land in Sweden

Customs flows (Eurostat Comext), not machines installed: ports of entry such as the Netherlands count goods that move on. Measured

• Servers (HS 847150) from outside the EU, 2025-08 to 2026-07: €519m, 7th of 27 member states.
• All compute kit (servers, parts, network gear, chips) from outside the EU, last 12 months: €1.16bn (1.1% of the EU total, rank 10); servers up 435% on the previous 12 months.

Source: Eurostat Comext DS-045409 · StackPath eu_hardware_imports · Compiled by StackPath

What our data does not show for Sweden

Gaps, not zeros: a missing row means no public figure we could check, or that the series does not cover this country.

• No Chips Act fab or pilot line in our ledger.
• No AI lab or AI-chip startup in our European tables.

Deeper pages and other countries

Each layer has its own page with the full European table.

• The country scorecard (18 largest markets)
• Electricity prices for data centres
• Data-centre capacity and electricity use
• Data-centre grid queues
• Restrictions and moratoriums
• Data-centre energy rules
• Hyperscaler pledges vs builds
• Sovereign cloud
• Neoclouds
• EU AI Factories and gigafactories
• AI compute in Europe
• Chips Act fabs
• AI chip startups
• European AI labs
• Server imports
• The global AI compute race

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